ExamShortcut
medium importance~1-2 Q in Tier 18 formulas⚡ 4 shortcuts4 subtopics

Every formula in this topic, grouped by subtopic. Print it and pin it above your desk.

What a Venn diagram encodes

Two-set inclusion-exclusion
|A \cup B| = |A| + |B| - |A \cap B|

The intersection is counted twice on the right, so subtract once.

Only-regions
|A \setminus B| = |A| - |A \cap B|

'Only A' is A minus the overlap.

Two-circle counting

Two-set inclusion-exclusion
|A \cup B| = |A| + |B| - |A \cap B|

The intersection is counted twice on the right, so subtract once.

Only-regions
|A \setminus B| = |A| - |A \cap B|

'Only A' is A minus the overlap.

Neither
\text{neither} = \text{total} - |A \cup B|

Everyone outside both circles.

Three-circle counting

Three-set union
|A \cup B \cup C| = \sum|A| - \sum|A \cap B| + |A \cap B \cap C|

Add singles, subtract pairs, re-add the triple.

Exactly two sets
\sum (|A \cap B|) - 3|A \cap B \cap C|

Sum of the three pairwise figures minus three times the triple.

Exactly one set
|A \cup B \cup C| - \text{exactly two} - \text{all three}

Strip the multi-set members from the union.