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medium importance~1 Q in Tier 127 formulas⚡ 12 shortcuts6 subtopics

Every formula in this topic, grouped by subtopic. Print it and pin it above your desk.

SI units, conversions and measuring instruments

Kilowatt-hour
1\ \text{kWh} = 3.6 \times 10^{6}\ \text{J}

1 'unit' of electricity

Horsepower
1\ \text{hp} \approx 746\ \text{W}
Light year
1\ \text{ly} \approx 9.46 \times 10^{15}\ \text{m}

a unit of distance

Motion, gravitation, work-energy, fluids and levers

First equation of motion
v = u + at
Second equation of motion
s = ut + \tfrac{1}{2}at^{2}
Third equation of motion
v^{2} = u^{2} + 2as
Newton's second law
F = ma = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}

p = mv

Law of gravitation
F = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^{2}}

G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²

Kinetic and potential energy
KE = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^{2},\quad PE = mgh
Work and power
W = Fs\cos\theta,\quad P = \frac{W}{t}

1 W = 1 J/s

Pressure
P = \frac{F}{A},\quad P_{\text{liquid}} = h\rho g

unit pascal

Heat, temperature and sound

Temperature scales
\frac{C}{100} = \frac{F-32}{180} = \frac{K-273}{100}

−40 °C = −40 °F

Heat absorbed
Q = mc\,\Delta T

c = specific heat

Latent heat
Q = mL

no temperature change during phase change

Wave speed
v = f\lambda

speed = frequency × wavelength

Echo distance
d = \frac{v\,t}{2}

sound travels to the wall and back

Light — mirrors, lenses, eye, dispersion and scattering

Power of a lens
P = \frac{1}{f\,(\text{m})} = \frac{100}{f\,(\text{cm})}

unit dioptre

Lens formula
\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}

Cartesian sign convention

Mirror formula
\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}

f = R/2

Refractive index
n = \frac{c}{v}

c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

Electricity, magnetism and the EM spectrum

Ohm's law
V = IR
Series resistance
R_s = R_1 + R_2 + \cdots
Parallel resistance
\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \cdots

two resistors: R₁R₂/(R₁+R₂)

Electric power
P = VI = I^{2}R = \frac{V^{2}}{R}
Joule heating
H = I^{2}Rt
Resistance of a wire
R = \rho\frac{L}{A}

ρ = resistivity

Nuclear physics, inventions and scientists

Mass–energy equivalence
E = mc^{2}

Einstein