32 exam-relevant headlines, written simply. Read the bold fact in each — that's what exams ask.
2024-12international
PM Modi's visit to Nigeria, Brazil and Guyana
PM Narendra Modi visited Nigeria, Brazil and Guyana from November 16-21, 2024. He attended the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It was the first visit by an Indian PM to Nigeria in 17 years and to Guyana in 56 years.
- 📌 G20 Summit: Rio de Janeiro
- 📌 First PM visit to Guyana in 56 years
2024-12states
Assam renames Karimganj district as Sribhumi
The Assam cabinet approved renaming Karimganj district as 'Sribhumi', a name meaning the land of Maa Lakshmi, used by Rabindranath Tagore.
- 📌 Karimganj renamed Sribhumi
- 📌 State: Assam
2024-12environment
India unveils world's first Green Steel Taxonomy
Steel Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy launched India's Green Steel Taxonomy on December 12, 2024, making India the first country to define green steel. The emissions limit was set at 2.2 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of finished steel.
- 📌 First country with green steel taxonomy
- 📌 Limit: 2.2 tCO2 per tonne of finished steel
2024-12national
President assents to Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak
President Droupadi Murmu gave assent to the Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak, 2024, which replaces the nine-decade-old Aircraft Act of 1934 to govern civil aviation in India.
- 📌 Replaces: Aircraft Act, 1934
2024-12defence
Rs 13,500 crore deal for 12 Su-30MKI jets
The Ministry of Defence signed a Rs 13,500 crore contract with HAL for 12 indigenous Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighter jets for the Indian Air Force, part of the 'Super Sukhoi' upgrade programme.
- 📌 Contract: Rs 13,500 crore
- 📌 Manufacturer: HAL
- 📌 12 Su-30MKI jets
2024-12sports
India win Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup
India beat China in a penalty shootout in Muscat, Oman to win the Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup for the second straight time. Deepika Sehrawat was the top scorer with 12 goals.
- 📌 Final: India beat China (shootout)
- 📌 Venue: Muscat
- 📌 Top scorer: Deepika Sehrawat (12 goals)
2024-12-01appointments
Jay Shah takes over as ICC Chairman
Jay Shah, former BCCI Secretary, took over as the independent Chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC) from December 1, 2024. Shammi Silva of Sri Lanka succeeded him as President of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).
- 📌 ICC Chairman: Jay Shah
- 📌 New ACC President: Shammi Silva
2024-12-01appointments
New chief for BrahMos Aerospace
Dr Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi took over as CEO and Managing Director of BrahMos Aerospace from December 1, 2024, succeeding Atul Dinkar Rane. BrahMos is a joint venture of DRDO with Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya.
- 📌 BrahMos CEO & MD: Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi
- 📌 JV of DRDO and Russia
2024-12-02economy
Government scraps windfall tax and road cess on fuel
The Finance Ministry withdrew the windfall tax (Special Additional Excise Duty) on crude oil, petrol, diesel and ATF, and also removed the Road and Infrastructure Cess. The windfall tax had been imposed in July 2022.
- 📌 Windfall tax imposed: July 2022
- 📌 Road and Infrastructure Cess removed
2024-12-03international
South Korean President declares short-lived martial law
South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law on December 3, 2024, but the National Assembly voted unanimously to lift it and he rescinded it within hours.
- 📌 Country: South Korea
- 📌 Lifted within hours by Assembly vote
2024-12-04international
French PM Barnier's government falls
French Prime Minister Michel Barnier lost a no-confidence vote on December 4, 2024, with 331 of 577 deputies voting against his government, the first such fall since 1962.
- 📌 PM: Michel Barnier
- 📌 First no-confidence fall since 1962
2024-12-04economy
RBI cuts CRR, trims FY25 growth view
At its fifth bi-monthly policy of FY25, the RBI cut the cash reserve ratio to 4% and lowered its FY25 GDP growth forecast to 6.6%, while raising the inflation projection to 4.8%.
- 📌 CRR cut to 4%
- 📌 FY25 GDP forecast: 6.6%
2024-12-04international
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah set to be Namibia's first woman President
SWAPO's Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah was certified winner of Namibia's presidential election, becoming the country's first female President.
- 📌 Country: Namibia
- 📌 Party: SWAPO
2024-12-05science
ISRO's PSLV launches ESA's Proba-3 satellites
ISRO's PSLV-XL launched the European Space Agency's Proba-3 satellites, a solar observatory mission that will study the Sun's corona, on December 5, 2024.
- 📌 Launch vehicle: PSLV-XL
- 📌 Agency: European Space Agency
2024-12-06awards
Michelle Bachelet to get Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024
Former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet was chosen for the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development 2024, which carries Rs 25 lakh. The jury was chaired by former NSA Shivshankar Menon.
- 📌 Award: Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024
- 📌 Recipient: Michelle Bachelet (ex-President of Chile)
2024-12-07schemes
100-day TB elimination campaign launched
Health Minister JP Nadda launched a 100-day TB elimination campaign on December 7, 2024 from Panchkula, Haryana, covering 347 districts and introducing the BPaLM treatment regimen.
- 📌 Launch site: Panchkula, Haryana
- 📌 Covers 347 districts
2024-12-10days
Human Rights Day 2024 observed
Human Rights Day was observed on December 10, 2024 with the theme 'Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now', marking the 76th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- 📌 Observed: December 10
- 📌 Theme: 'Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now'
2024-12-10obituaries
Former Karnataka CM S.M. Krishna passes away
S.M. Krishna, former Chief Minister of Karnataka (1999-2004) and former Maharashtra Governor, died at the age of 92. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2023.
- 📌 CM of Karnataka: 1999-2004
- 📌 Padma Vibhushan: 2023
2024-12-11appointments
Sanjay Malhotra sworn in as RBI Governor
Sanjay Malhotra was sworn in as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on December 11, 2024, succeeding Shaktikanta Das.
- 📌 RBI Governor: Sanjay Malhotra
- 📌 Succeeded Shaktikanta Das
2024-12-12sports
Gukesh becomes youngest World Chess Champion
Eighteen-year-old Grandmaster D Gukesh of Chennai became the youngest ever World Chess Champion, winning the world title match in December 2024.
- 📌 Youngest world champion ever
- 📌 Age: 18
- 📌 From: Chennai
2024-12-16days
Vijay Diwas observed on December 16
The 53rd Vijay Diwas was observed on December 16, 2024, marking Pakistan's surrender in Dhaka in 1971 and India's victory in the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
- 📌 Observed: December 16
- 📌 Marks 1971 surrender at Dhaka
2024-12-17national
'One Nation, One Election' bill moved in Lok Sabha
A Constitution amendment bill for simultaneous state and national elections was moved in the Lok Sabha on December 17, 2024, but failed to get the required two-thirds majority for introduction, with the government deciding to send it for further examination.
- 📌 Bill: One Nation, One Election
- 📌 Moved: December 17, 2024
2024-12-18science
ISRO tests CE20 cryogenic engine for Gaganyaan
ISRO carried out a sea-level hot test of the CE20 cryogenic engine with a nozzle area ratio of 100 at the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. The engine powers the LVM3 upper stage and is certified for 20 tonnes of thrust for Gaganyaan.
- 📌 Engine: CE20 (LVM3 upper stage)
- 📌 Test site: Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu
2024-12-18science
ISRO begins launch campaign for Gaganyaan's first uncrewed flight
ISRO began the HLVM3-G1 launch campaign at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota for Gaganyaan's first uncrewed mission. The HLVM3 rocket is about 53 m tall, weighs 640 tonnes and can lift 10 tonnes to low Earth orbit.
- 📌 Rocket: HLVM3 (53 m, 640 tonnes)
- 📌 Site: Sriharikota
2024-12-19science
Chinese astronauts set nine-hour spacewalk record
Shenzhou-19 astronauts Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong carried out a nine-hour spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station, beating the previous NASA record of 8 hours 56 minutes.
- 📌 Spacewalk: about 9 hours
- 📌 Station: Tiangong
2024-12-21days
First World Meditation Day observed
The first UN World Meditation Day was observed on December 21, 2024. The UNGA resolution was co-sponsored by India, Sri Lanka, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Mexico and Nepal.
- 📌 First observed: December 21, 2024
2024-12-21environment
India State of Forest Report 2023 released
The 18th India State of Forest Report was released at FRI Dehradun on December 21, 2024. Forest and tree cover stood at 8,27,357 sq km, 25.17% of India's area, with Madhya Pradesh having the largest forest cover.
- 📌 Forest + tree cover: 25.17%
- 📌 Top state: Madhya Pradesh
- 📌 18th edition
2024-12-21economy
55th GST Council meeting held in Jaisalmer
The 55th GST Council meeting, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, was held in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. GST on fortified rice kernels was cut to 5% and gene therapy was fully exempted.
- 📌 55th GST Council meeting
- 📌 Venue: Jaisalmer
2024-12-25appointments
Governors appointed for five states
The President appointed governors for five states: Rajendra Arlekar for Kerala, Hari Babu Kambhampati for Odisha, Arif Mohammed Khan for Bihar, General V.K. Singh (retd) for Mizoram and Ajay Kumar Bhalla for Manipur.
- 📌 Kerala: Rajendra Arlekar
- 📌 Manipur: Ajay Kumar Bhalla
- 📌 Mizoram: Gen V.K. Singh (retd)
2024-12-25obituaries
Osamu Suzuki, Maruti-Suzuki pioneer, dies at 94
Osamu Suzuki, former Chairman and CEO of Suzuki Motor Corporation who led the company for over 40 years, died at 94. He drove the 1982 joint venture that created Maruti Udyog in India and received the Padma Bhushan in 2007.
- 📌 Led Suzuki for 40+ years
- 📌 Padma Bhushan: 2007
- 📌 Maruti joint venture: 1982
2024-12-29obituaries
Former US President Jimmy Carter dies at 100
Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States (1977-81) known for the Camp David Accords, died at the age of 100. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 and was the longest-living US president.
- 📌 39th US President
- 📌 Nobel Peace Prize: 2002
2024-12-30appointments
Justice V. Ramasubramanian appointed NHRC Chairperson
Justice V. Ramasubramanian was appointed the ninth Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission for a three-year term, succeeding Justice Arun Kumar Mishra.
- 📌 NHRC Chairperson: Justice V. Ramasubramanian
- 📌 9th chairperson